By: Melissa Barlock
Have you ever shared an idea that should have worked
a presentation, a proposal, a conversation
and yet it didn’t land the way you expected?
And then other times, you say very little at all, and people are instantly on board.
That’s not coincidence.
That’s persuasion.
One of the most powerful frameworks for understanding why this happens is the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), a model I use every day in my work with leaders, business owners, and dental professionals, and one I now teach in the classroom as well.
I recently started teaching a course called Persuasive Communication & Presentations and ELM is one of the foundational models we explore because it explains something essential: how people actually process persuasive messages.
The Elaboration Likelihood Model: A Simple Explanation
The Elaboration Likelihood Model explains how people process persuasive messages.
The key insight?
People don’t all process information the same way, or with the same level of effort.
According to ELM, persuasion happens through two distinct routes:
- The Central Route
- The Peripheral Route
Which route someone takes depends on:
- Their level of motivation
- Their attention
- How personally relevant the message feels
Understanding this changes everything about how you communicate.
The Central Route: When People Think Deeply
The central route is activated when people are:
- Highly engaged
- Motivated
- Paying close attention
- Personally invested in the outcome
In these situations, persuasion is driven by:
- Logic and reasoning
- Strong arguments
- Evidence and data
- Credibility and expertise
This is the route people take when making important decisions, strategic business changes, career moves, or complex healthcare choices.
Persuasion through the central route tends to be:
- Longer lasting
- More resistant to change
- More meaningful
But it requires effort, from both the speaker and the listener.
The Peripheral Route: When Cues Matter More Than Content
The peripheral route comes into play when people are:
- Busy or distracted
- Less personally invested
- Emotionally driven
- Making lower-risk decisions
Here, persuasion happens through cues, such as:
- Confidence
- Likeability
- Tone of voice
- Professionalism
- Authority or social proof
We’ve all experienced this:
“I trust her, she seems confident.”
“Everyone else is doing it.”
“This just feels right.”
This is not manipulation, it’s human psychology.
Where Most Communication Breaks Down
One of the biggest mistakes I see in business and professional settings is this:
- Over-explaining when people aren’t listening
- Under-explaining when people actually need depth
Effective communicators don’t just deliver information, they read the room.
They ask:
- How motivated is my audience?
- Do they need logic or reassurance?
- Should I lead with data, or trust?
Why This Matters in Business, Leadership & Dentistry
For business owners and leaders, this model helps you:
- Use the central route when introducing strategy or change
- Use the peripheral route to build confidence, buy-in, and culture
For presenters and professionals:
- Not every slide needs more data
- Sometimes you are the persuasive message
For dental teams:
- Patients don’t always want technical explanations
- They want clarity, confidence, and trust
The most effective communicators know how to blend both routes intentionally.
Ethical Persuasion Starts With Awareness
Understanding how people are persuaded isn’t about control, it’s about responsibility.
When you know how your message is being processed, you can communicate:
- More clearly
- More ethically
- More effectively
And that’s where real influence comes from.
Watch the Video
I’ve created a YouTube video that walks through the Elaboration Likelihood Model in a clear, practical way, with real-world examples you can apply immediately.
👉 Copy and paste the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ub9Y88hntjQ
Persuasion isn’t about saying more.
It’s about saying the right thing, in the right way, at the right time.
And when you understand how people really decide, your communication becomes far more powerful.
If you’d like support developing stronger communication, leadership, or influence skills for yourself or your team, reach out! We'd love to chat because persuasion, when used intentionally, is one of the most valuable professional skills you can develop
Enspire Dental Opportunities is looking forward to working with you.













